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NOTES

Bernd Becher: Becher, Bernhard. 1931 geboren in Siegen, seit 1959 Zusammenarbeit mit Hilla Becher, leben in Düsseldorf. (Fotografie als Kunst, 1973, by Volker Kahmen)

Sander: Sander, August. 1876 geboren in Herdorf/Sieg, 1964 gestorben in Köln. (Fotografie als Kunst, 1973, by Volker Kahmen) // ... in 1910 ... began an ambitious program: the production of a vast atlas of German types from all classes of the social structure. He sought, not the individual personality, but the representative of various professions, trades, and businesses, as well as members of social and political groups. He called his project "Man in the Twentieth Century." In 1929 the first of a proposed series of twenty volumes of Sander's photographs was published under the title Antlitz der Zeit. No further volumes appeared, for the political implications displeased the Nazi regime. The publisher's inventory of books was confiscated, and the printing plates destroyed. (The History of Photography, 1982/1988 revised, Beaumont Newhall)

BAUHAUS, FIFO and GERMAN AVANT-GARDE in the 1920's: An interesting reading source concerning this theme on the web:  http://nbprojects.co.uk/nickfry/Photo.htm  Titled: Style and Culture in Twentieth Century Photography The New Vision - Avant-Garde Photography and 'the Conceptual Image' ---by Nick Fry (May 2000, Sussex University)

ART PHOTOGRAPHY IN GERMANY after 1945:   1) Useful and comprehensive reading source in English is provided by GOETHE INSTITUT INTER NATIONES (Singapore): http://www.goethe.de/so/sin/artphoto/index.htm   2) For European Databank on photographic publications, see Photo-lit: http://www.photolit.de/ by Hans Christian Adam .  3) And for Latest Information on Exhibitions, Institutions, and Events on European Photographic Scene, see Photography-now.com: http://www.photography-now.com/ stationed in Berlin. 

WONDERLAND: 6th Noorderlicht, i.e. Northern Lights, Photofestival which took place in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands in 1999. Guest curator invited for the fotofestival was Machiel Botman.  Selected exhibitors included Kiyoshi SUZUKI (Soul and Soul, Mind Games), Jun MORINAGA (River, its shadow of shadows), and Tokio ITO (Fragments) from Japan. Photographers nominated:  Chirster Strömholm, Michael Adckerman, Anton Corbijn, Doug and Mike Starn, Philip Gostelow, Angela Trullinger, Tom Fecht, Jun Morinaga, Morten Andersen, Max Pam, Antoine D'Agata, Laura Cohen, Arno Nollen, Roberto Mancuso Alvarez, William Eggleston, David Graham, Ken Schles, Lee Friedlander, John Max, Robert Mcfarlane,  Kiyoshi Suzuki, Johan Van der Keuken, Philip-Lorca Dicorcia, Tracey Moffatt, Miguel Rio Branco, Jim Goldberg, Adrienne Van Eekelen, Tokio Ito, Serge Clément, Dave Heath.  See http://www.noorderlicht.com/eng/fest99/wonderland.html  

The Sydney Camera Circle(1920's - 40's): Members listed by Yuri Mitsuda, Curator of Shoto Museum of Art in 2002 Exhibition Catalogue were:  Cecil Westmoreland Bostock, Harold Pierce Cazneaux, Monte Luke(Charles Montague Luke), Henri Marie Joseph Mallard, D'Archy J. Webster, Charles E. Wakeford, William Stewart White, James E. Paton, Arthur William Christopher Ford, and Kiichiro(or Kihei) ISHIDA.

De Ondergedoken Camera(1943-1945): (i.e. The group later known as The Camera in Hiding) / (Dutch quote) Op initiatief van Fritz Kahlenberg vormde zich in het laatste jaar van de oorlog een groep van fotografen, vaklieden en amateurs, met het doel de gevolgen van de bezetting fotografisch vast te leggen Daar fotograferen door den bezetter verboden was, werkten de leden van deze groep, "De Ondergedoken Camera" geheten, onder de moeilijkst denkbare omstandigheden zonder elkaar te kennen; waar men voor de bewerking van het materiaal licht nodig had, vervingen carbidlampen electrisch licht. Deze bewerking geschiedde centraal, in dubbele betekenis dus "in de donkere kamer". De medewerkers hadden hun toestel in boodschappen- of actetassen of onder hun jas verborgen, maar ergens bevond zich wel een gaatje waar de lens doorheen kon gluren. Vooral de vrouwen, schijnbaar slechts met hun gedachten bij voedselproblemen, bewezen hierbij onschatbare diensten. De resultaten van hun werk, enige duizenden fotografische documenten, werden reeds twee weken na de bevrijding voor het Nederlandse publiek tentoongesteld. (from AMSTERDAM tijdens de hongerwinter,1947) / Member Photographers: F. Lemaire, Cas Oorthuys, Charles Breyer, M.C. Meyboom, Krun Taconis, Emmy Andriesse, Ad Windig, B. Kowatlo, D. de Boer Jr., Hans Sibbelee, C. Holtzapfel, Dr.C.Faber, et al.

Ata Kandó (1913-, Budapest) worked as a children's photographer before the World War II. After the war, she worked for Paris fashion houses and married Ed van der Elsken in 1954.  In 1956, she and Violette Cornelius collaborated on a book about refugees fleeing on the Austria-Hungary border.  Ata Kandó taught photography in Utrecht and Enschede and assisted many students, including Koen Wessing and Ad van Denderen.

DE VIERDE WAND de foto als theater / THE FOURTH WALL photography as theatre (Exhibition 1991, Amsterdam) directed by Leo Divendal et al. "Photography always portrays reality even when directly or indirectly manipulated by the photographer. As such, photography belongs to the borderland between reality and theatre. The photographer uses reality as a vehicle for his own views and ideas, lending it significance in the process.  It is the power of the image that determines whether the photograph transcends the limits of photograph and becomes art.  Forty-three photographers and writers give their visual and literary interpretation of 'the photograph as theatre'.  Presented under the four sections of the Fourth Wall:  The Pose, Space and Time, The Narrative, and The Illusion, introduced by four essays, they join here in an illustrious performance on the theatre of photography" (quote from the Exhibition Catalogue). Photographers invited: Christian Vogt, Brian Griffin, Rudolf Schäfer, Nick Sinclair, Flor Garduño, Graciela Iturbide, Michel Dheurle, Erwin Olaf, Koen Wessing, Gilles Peress, Marrie Bot, Gábor Kerekes, Martí Llorens, Machiel Botman, Mark Klett, Diederik van der Donk, Eric van Straaten, Johan van der Keuken, Paul den Hollander, Wijnanda Deroo, Anna Fox, Max Pam, Aleksandras Macijauskas, Hiromi Tsuchida, Bernhard Johannes Blume, Nan Goldin, Diana Blok, Ania Bien, Mari Mahr, Mario Giacomelli, David Goldblatt, Hans van der Meer, Sebastião Salgado, Manuel Gipouloux, Ruth Thorne-Thomsen, Jorge Molder, Fay Godwin, Bernard Plossu, Jim Bengston, Eric van der Schalie, Ralph Eugene Meatyard, Javier Silva, Shoji Ueda. (quote, ibid.)

L'OCCHIO, LA MACCHINA, LA REALTA: EYE, MACHINE, REALITY(1977) by 11 Italian and 11 Japanese photographers: Exhibition composed on Italian side by Lanfranco Colombo della Galleria "Il Diaframma" di Milano, and on Japanese side by Kiyoji OHTSUJI, at the time, proffesor of Tsukuba University, showed each eleven photographers from both countries and toured May 14- June 5 Tokyo, June 20-30 Kyoto, in 1977. Photographers from Italiy were Romano Cagnoni, Mario Cresci, Mario de Biasi, Franco Fontana, Gianni Berengo Gardin, Luigi Ghirri, Mario Giacomelli, Renato Gozzano, Giorgio Lotti, Giuseppe Pino, and Italo Zannier. Meanwhile, from Japan, Shigeo GOCHO, Kazuo KITAI, Fusako KODAMA, Hajime SAWATARI, Tomiyasu SHIRAIWA, Kiyoshi SUZUKI, Yutaka TAKANASHI, Akihide TAMURA, Shuji YAMADA, Naomi YANAGIMOTO, and Shin YANAGISAWA were nominated. (quote from the exhibition catalogue)

KOBE AID FUND (1996): At 5:46 in the morning on Jan. 17, 1995, a violent earthquake struck the city of Kobe and nearby areas in Japan. 5,291 people were dead, 27,000 injured and more than 100,000 lost homes. It was the worst in over half a century. Some 260 artists and donors from 24 countries, donated 430 photographs to the charity photo art exhibition and auction to benefit the people who suffered from the earthquake. The proceeds of the sales both of prints and catalogues went to the committee of the Japan Red Cross for the quake-stricken areas. (summarized from the catalogue, 1996, from Asahi Shimbun)

Izis (1911-1980): Israël Biderman born in Lithuania. Following Lithuania's independence his name is changed to Izraélis Bidermanas... 1940 Goes into hiding in the Limoges area (Paris) and changes his name into Izis, short for Izraelis. .. (quote from p.103, BIOGRAPHY IZIS, Izis Photographs Chagall, 1993)

Foto in omslag: Het Nederlandse documentaire fotoboek na 1945 / Photography between covers: The Dutch documentary photobook after 1945 (Exhibition held in 1989): List of 13 photobook authors included in this exhibition were --- Oscar van Alphen, Emmy Andriesse, Marrie Bot, Willem Diepraam, Ed van der Elsken, Cor Jaring, Ata Kando (Ata Görög), Johan van der Keuken (tot ca. 1965 Joan), Aart Klein, Cas Oorthuys, Sanne Sannes, Koen Wessing, and Ad Windig. (quote from the Exhibition catalogue, 1989)

The World Exhibition of Photography (1965, 1969, 1975, 1978):  The world-wide Exhibitions of photography were organised by STERN magazine, based on the idea and compositions by the magazine's editor in chief, Karl Pawek. 4th Exhibition titled The Children of This World was also co-organized by UNICEF (first founded in 1946 as United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) and toured around the world 1978-1979, just during the first International Year of the Child proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly. 

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